Analysis Samsung Electronics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Investigation Samsung Electronics - Case Study Example The organization got known for its moderately ease quality inventive product offerings and had the option to give hardened rivalry to electronic majors like Sony, Nokia, Phillips and so on by constantly concocting ever new highlights in the entirety of its items. There were numerous elements that contributed towards company’s proceeded with administration position on the planet advertise. The premier was its plan of action that depended on speed based inventive items. The organization concentrated on its methodology of creating exploration and designing abilities with the goal that it could improve and ad lib inventively on the electrical and advanced results of Sony, Phillips, Matsushita, and Nokia. Samsung’s capacity to dispatch its own items with included highlights with an incredible speed was a tremendous accomplishment with the objective populace. Samsung had equipped its groups of experts to keep a severe watch on the people’s beat and was, in this way, ready to envision their requests and used to concoct new items and highlights that were begrudged by its adversaries. Another imperative element of its business technique was its engaged methodology towards R&D and using his human asset as capital venture. His group had the option to create tremendous range inside a similar item since they had the option to redo new items around their center plan. He likewise presented the idea of going after item improvement groups which were situated at differing areas, along these lines advancing rivalry with the gathering for advancement. The legitimacy based advancement inside the gathering guaranteed that the best got their levy. High potential representatives were urged to MBA and Ph.D. in the outside nation on company’s costs so master group could be indigenously evolved and encouraged for improved business execution.

Vocational Education Essay Example For Students

Professional Education Essay There are numerous difficulties that a country must face. One is planning theyouth for the vocations of tomorrow. Professional Education readies the youthful peoplefor effective vocations. The logical learning shows ideas as they areapplied, all things considered, and the universe of work, hands-on critical thinking exercises/works out. Connecting auxiliary and post optional professional instruction programs into a seamlesscareer readiness program. Youngsters used to think that its a lot simpler to enter the activity showcase than they do today. We will compose a custom article on Vocational Education explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Most occupations today require a blend of basic reasoning and manual capacities. Businesses are disappointed with the readiness of section level specialists. The employersfeel the extend and improve the profession planning offered by our nationssecondary schools are an unquestionable requirement. WHAT IS WORKINGThe 1994 National Assessment of Vocational Education (NAVE) shows thatparticipation in Vocational Education can have considerable settlements for students,particularly when understudies total a program or sound successions of courses. Secondary school graduates who complete a cognizant succession of professional courses are morelikely to secure preparing related positions, procure more in those occupations, and are more averse to beunemployed after some time than those with a progressively broad foundation. Post secondarystudents who complete non-baccalaureate degree professional projects get moremarket benefits than the individuals who complete a similar number of credits, yet does notMorris 2complete a degree program. As of late, Federal help has fortified state andlocal improvement of promising new methodologies that address the preparation oflarge portions of American youth to take up profitable jobs in todays working environment. The School-to-Work Opportunities Act expands the importance of educational plan by callingfor coordinated learning composed into rational groupings around extensively convergedcareer majors, work understanding, just as scholastics and word related investigation. School-to-work frameworks is driven by the acknowledgment that neither scholastics not occupationaleducation alone gives all understudies the aptitudes ? critical thinking, reasoning,interactive learning-vital for additional training and for high compensation work. Incorporated adapting additionally reestablishes importance and significance to the understudies experience ofschooling. Changing what in such a large number of secondary schools is an incoherent arrangement of coursesinto a seriously incorporated, experientially grounded instruction that continuallydemonstrates to understudies how training applied to reality. Coordinated learning is additionally ateaching methodology that more intently coordinates human discernment than customary high schoolclass work. The advancement of coordinated educational program requires community oriented arranging amongschool directors, scholastics and word related educators, bosses, and worker's guilds. School-to-Work association gatherings likewise give chances to building theseconnections. This system has a drawn out potential for giving understudies withvocational training encounters that raises both their inspiration and achievements,while likewise setting them up for work and post optional instruction. Numerous statesMorris 3across the country are attempted these promising bearings as the foundation for majorreforms to improve workforce planning in optional and post auxiliary instruction. REFERENCESVocational Education, http://www.ed.gov/refreshes/Working/voc-educ. 9/5/97Curriculum Integration in School-to-Work Systems, http://www.stw.ed.gov/factsht/bull,9/5/97

The Great Charlemagne

There was generally little trade in Western Europe. Streets, spans, and the foundation for the most part were non-existent. Moreover, the wide open was dangerous for head out because of an absence of sorted out law requirement. Little towns needed to deal with themselves; hence, producing was continued uniquely to the degree that was expected to flexibly neighborhood needs. In the little realms or territories, the terrains over which a King governed were viewed as the same as other property. Among the Franks, all children were qualified for an offer. In this way, when a King kicked the bucket, every child turned into a King over his own little realm. In this way, numerous political units turned out to be little so there were no uniform laws or arrangements. This absence of solidarity made them defenseless against foes just as struggle from inside. Bullough calls attention to that the unwaveringness of a warrior or subject to his picked pioneer was not a light issue. The creator doesn't differentiate that idea of dedication notwithstanding, with our current thoughts of dependability to the country or establishment. â€Å"The apprenticeship of a King† portrays how Charlemagne picked up power through victory and tact. In 768, King Pippin passed on and his realm was partitioned between his two children. Charles, the senior, and the more youthful was Carloman. The creator says that little is known about Charles† childhood. At the point when he was of the correct age, it is recorded that he worked energetically at riding and chasing. It was the custom of the Franks to ride and be rehearsed in the utilization of arms and methods of chasing. We may sensibly induce that procuring these abilities shaped a significant piece of his initial instruction. Charles was not a â€Å"man of letters† and the creator tries to disclose this other than to call attention to that education was viewed as insignificant around then for anybody other than the church and Charles didn†t become inspired by â€Å"letters† until some other time throughout everyday life. Bullough clarifies various encounters in open obligations and duties, which were doled out to Charles by his dad, hence, giving him an apprenticeship to govern the realm. For reasons unknown pressure among Charles and his sibling started not long after their promotion. The creator clarifies various clashes. The more youthful sibling kicked the bucket notwithstanding, toward the finish of 771 and various noticeable individuals in his realm offered loyalty to Charles. Bullough names and clarifies those subjects. The outcome was the re-joining of those domains, which assisted with setting up the realm of the Franks. The creator portrays in detail the military victories of Charlemagne. The content incorporates maps of the regions and war zones. It is expressed that to certain regions, Charles may have come as a hero from the heathen burden, yet to numerous different people groups who flanked his domains, Christian and Non-Christian the same, he was an abusive adversary, as such a large number of others previously, then after the fact. In 880, Pope Leo III approached Charles for help when he dealt with indictments of simony, prevarication, and infidelity. Charles acted with cautious thought when managing this issue. Charles was approached to manage the Pope†s hearing. He did as such, and Leo was found not guilty. After two days, Leo put a crown on Charles head and announced him Holy Roman Emperor. This gave Charles the â€Å"Devine Right to Rule† as indicated by the Roman Church. The creator doesn't surmise from any of this data. By and by, it appears that Charlemagne joined a domain by victory and managed by the authority of the Pope. Bullough doesn't recommend that during this time the administration and the congregation turned out to be mediated to the point that there were extremely very much the same. Having vanquished a domain and set up the â€Å"Devine Right to Rule†, Charles at that point, as per Bullough, started to build up some consistency inside the realm. The old idea of open request had not been altogether crushed by the attack of savages inside the realm. Yet, as lawfulness got more fragile, its place was somewhat taken by the Churchmen†s Nations of harmony and correct request. The creator clarifies how Charles built up an arrangement of courts to see that equity was done to every free disputant and to ensure widows and vagrants. The creator doesn't express any ends with respect to the consequences of the foundation of a uniform legitimate framework. In spite of the fact that Charles was not proficient, he appears to have put an incentive in training. Bullough credits him with a restoration of learning or a â€Å"Carolingian Renaissance†. Charlemagne saw that training was in genuine decay. So he assembled at his court the absolute best personalities of his day. He likewise supported cloisters where old books were saved and replicated. He changed the royal residence school and saw that devout schools were set up all through the domain. Learning was given a period and a spot to prosper. The â€Å"Carolingian Renaissance† was a confined wonder. Learning didn't burst into flames all through Europe. Just in the illustrious court and religious communities was there any genuine spotlight on training. However in light of Charles† enthusiasm for safeguarding and restoring information, an abundance of antiquated original copies was duplicated for people in the future. Similarly as significant, a convention of learning was set up in European religious networks. These religious communities assisted with beating the danger of the eradication of Latin culture. The Carolingian penmanship that advanced during Charlemagne†s rule was created to expand the intelligibility of the various original copies the priests turned out as of now. These little letters, known as â€Å"Carolingian Miniscule† turned into the premise of the lower case letters we use today. 90% of crafted by antiquated Rome now in presence are protected as original copies replicated in a Carolingian Monastery. Bullough dedicates a lot of time to the territories on craftsmanship and engineering during the Carolingian time frame. Included are photos of structures, which are standing, and being used today. There are additionally ground plan drawings of structures and tests of different centerpieces. Being firmly lined up with the congregation, it isn't astounding that the significant instances of Carolingian engineering are chapels and Biblical outlines make up a great part of the workmanship. These are by all account not the only works. There are likewise numerous common works, for example, â€Å"Charles and his Warriors†. Bullough attempts to isolate legend from the real world. It appears that while Charles endeavored to revive an enthusiasm for learning and join different gatherings into one country, he never tended to the monetary challenges that Europe confronted now that Rome not, at this point outfitted request. Despite the fact that Charlemagne devised the arrangement of pounds, shillings and pence utilized all through Europe during the medieval times and in Britain as of not long ago, different sections of the foundation kept on declining. Streets and extensions fell into rot, exchange was broken, and fabricating was by need a confined specialty rather than an across the board and gainful industry. However, these are just disappointments if Charlemagne†s objective was to modify the Roman Empire. It is far fetched, be that as it may, that that was his intention. Charles was a Frankish Warrior King with the foundation and customs of Germanic people groups. He likely prevailing in his object ives. Charlemagne regarded his domain as his own property and isolated his domain among his children. Possibly he neglected to understand that just with solidarity could the realm become a genuine force, or he set his own wished, and those of his children, over the choices that would best serve the domain. The book is a decent hotspot for explicit data. It's anything but a book that I would recommend perusing for delight. Bullough gives realities and sources however doesn't invigorate thought. I am certain this book would be incredible if the peruser had impressive information on history. The creator makes scarcely any immediate associations or theories with respect to why Charlemagne settled on specific choices and took certain activities or the drawn out impacts of his activities. The creator induces the majority of the ends remembered for this paper in an obscure manner. On occasion, I wound up grabbing for ends with regards to why certain moves were made. This book furnishes the peruser with hard realities about the Middle Ages in Europe. It doesn't permit the peruser to attract numerous speculations with respect to the thoughts and sentiments of the individuals.

EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION ASSIGNMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Powerful COMMUNICATION ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example Waving someone through a traffic frames some portion of signals in correspondence, the utilization of motion tenaciously structures some portion of very nearly 60 % of viable correspondence since individuals utilize the greater part of the body parts as additional as words to convey successfully. The utilization of signal differs relying upon culture and class inside the general public. Along these lines, as in the above case, when the respondent turns and makes a move through positive reaction towards an expressive enthusiasm of the sender, at that point compelling correspondence said to have occurred. Furthermore, it is the conviction between the two gatherings who are occupied with the correspondence procedure to call attention to whether the data has been legitimately imparted. At last, the viability of correspondence by waving out somebody in rush hour gridlock is, accordingly, relied upon positive activity or response of the respondent. On the off chance that there is no positi ve activity, at that point, it is esteemed incapable (Kopp and Wachsmuth171) Kopp, Stefan and Wachsmuth, Ipke. Signal in exemplified correspondence and human-PC interaction: eighth International Gesture Workshop, GW 2009, Bielefeld, Germany, February 25-27, 2009; modified chosen papers. Berlin: Springer, 2010.

Risk and Uncertainty in Economics Essay - 1100 Words

Risk and Uncertainty in Economics (Math Problem Sample) Content: Risk and uncertainty in economicsNameAffiliated InstituteDateRisk and uncertainty in economicsThe value of the second alternative is analyzed below:The formula for finding the present value based on the future is provided byThe Future Amountà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s PV=A(1+r)nA represents the amount of annuity while r is the opportunity rate of interest and in the period of years when the amount was received. Basing on this fomularae, the present value of the second alternative can be found by adding the future amount of the two years.Therefore, present value=700000(1+0.08)1 + 700000(1+0.08)2 = $(6, 481,481.48+6,001,371.74)$ 12, 482, 853.22Since the amount provided in one lump sum was only12 million, the second alternative appears to be the best option since it avails students with 12.482 million dollars which is 0.482 more that the lump sum provided in the initial scholarship.BSince the new opportunity rate of interest is 12 percent, the calculation will be modified so as to show the variance of the newly provided parameter.Therefore, the second alternative can be calculated by700000(1+0.12)1 + 700000(1+0.12)2 = $(6, 250, 000 + 5,580,357.14)=11.83 million dollars.Since the amount provided in one lump sum is 12 million dollars, it appear best suit in this new situation as the second option provides 11.83 million dollars that are $ 170, 000 less than the initial option.CIn a real world setting, managers in financial institutions utilize Present Value (NPV/FPV) scales to examine the time value of money (NPV). For instance, availing a service in one year then receiving payment a year later. In such situation, the company provides a service in January 2015 and agrees to pay 100 dollars in January 2016. The time of money will assist the financial manager to understand that component of $ 100 is interest, which is for waiting one year for $ 100. Maybe only $ 80 of the $ 100 is the earned serviced revenue in 2015, and the $ 20 interest will be earned in 2016. When calculating the present value, the managers will eliminate the interest so as to calculate the service revenue. One more real life scenario is dealing with land. The owner of the land may opt to sell it for $120,000 if the money is received today, or opt to be paid $250,000 after one year. At the end of the year, he would earn much more than he would decide to sell the farm today.Problem 2ACash for year1 = (0.2ÃÆ'50) + (0.1ÃÆ'20) + (0.4ÃÆ'30) + (0.3ÃÆ'40) = $36 ...

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Essay Download Pdf - Free Essay Example

Introduction Greenhouse gas emissions, and other forms of environmental pollution, are economic externalities as they impose costs on individuals and communities who did not create the pollution (Jaffe et al, 2005). These economic externalities are side effects that are experienced by individuals not connected with the polluting process (Owen, 2006). As such, the individual or entity from which the pollution originates does not need to reflect the pollution costs within their prices. The problem therefore lies in the associated costs to society that environmental pollution causes. These damages and costs, which include climate change, in the form of biodiversity loss, rising sea levels and extreme weather events, are not paid for by the companies or industries that emit the pollution and so they do not need to factor these costs into the market price of the goods or services that they provide (Muller et al, 2011). The result of this is that society produces and consumes high volumes of pollution-creating products, whilst industries continue to produce these goods and services without having to account for the costs associated with environmental pollution (Frankel and Rose, 2005). This form of market failure is addressed by market-based environmental policies that construct systems which incorporate the costs associated with environmental pollution into the industrys decision making and financial process (Metcalf, 2009). The theoretical basis for these market-b ased policies is that when an industry or other pollution making entity see, and must pay for, the societal cost of pollution, then they will design innovative ways in which to reduce their environmental impact. In addition, the full environmental cost of the products will be reflected in the price, therefore enabling consumers to make informed purchasing decisions (Owen, 2006). The remainder of this document will consider the effectiveness of market-based policies compared with traditional command and control regulations. Command and Control versus Market-Based Policies Traditional command and control policies required polluters to reduce emissions by installing specific technology in order to meet specific performance emission standards (Hepburn, 2006). However, opponents to the command and control mindset state that this form of regulation is inflexible and does not take into consideration that some industries are able to meet these targets at a much lower cost than others (Liu et al, 2014). Additionally, the command and control regulatory approach does not incentivise industries to innovate and reduce their environmental impacts by more than what is required by the standard (Haselip et al, 2015). Conversely, market-based approaches have been reported to provide greater flexibility for industry (Pirard, 2012). However, it is necessary to address the type of pollutant being emitted, as there are some that need to be maintained at a very low level for health-related reasons (Centre for Climate and Energy Solutions, 2012). As such, it may be nec essary to control these types of pollutants with command and control regulations in order to ensure that health-related thresholds are not breached. Greenhouse gases are not harmful on a localised basis. Their effects are only seen when they are globally mixed within the atmosphere and cause damage on a global scale (Meinshausen et al, 2011). As such, many proponents claim that market-based regulatory approaches are particularly appropriate to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (Pirard, 2012; Hrabanski et al, 2013; Boisvert et al, 2013). Indeed, there is evidence to suggest that these policies provide greater compliance flexibility and can reach and improve environmental objectives at much lower overall costs (Boisvert et al, 2013). One key aspect of these market-based policies is that they provide a financial incentive for industry to develop and deploy lower environmental pollution emitting technologies, whilst leaving the private market to decide which technologies can be expande d and utilised (Pirard, 2012). Within this structure, each regulated industry is able to independently choose the most cost-effective method to achieve the required pollution abatement. As previously mentioned, some industries are able to reduce their pollution more easily and cheaply than others, due to the technology or equipment that they are using. This enables them to reduce their pollution more, therefore compensating for those industries who are unable to meet traditional command and control targets due to the costs involved. As such, the overall environmental target can still be achieved but at a much lower societal and industry cost (Pirard, 2012). A good example of the success of market-based policies has been seen within the US. At the federal level, sulphur dioxide emissions have been reduced at a fraction of the original estimated cost (CCES, 2012). In addition, at state level, market-based approaches have been successfully incorporated into cap-and-trade and renewable energy programs to reduce nitrogen oxides and other greenhouse gases (CCES, 2012). The following sections will consider two distinct examples of market-based policies that can control greenhouse gas emissions. Taxes Taxes, that set a price on each unit of pollution, are the most basic form of market-based policies. This pollution tax ensures that the industry producing the pollution pays an additional cost dependent on the amount of pollution that is emitted (Vossler et al, 2013). This cost incentivises the industry to reduce the amount of pollution produced and encourage them to change their processes or incorporate better technology within their production line (Suter et al, 2005). As such, the more emissions that are reduced, the less pollution tax the industry needs to pay. However, it is necessary to calculate the societal cost of the pollution in order to set the price of the tax (Chiroleu-Assouline et al, 2014). This can be a complex process with the societal costs of pollution being difficult to quantify. For example, if the pollution emitted from a certain industry caused a population decline in a commercial shellfishery, then the damages could be based on the lost value of the shellf ish at current market price. However, if the emitted pollution causes the extinction of a species or the destruction of a habitat, it is less clear on how society should assign a financial cost which equates to that loss. In addition, it is necessary to address how the environmental pollution emitted from todays industries can cause damage to future generations and how to quantify these consequences when there are a range of possible outcomes (CCES, 2012). Cap-and-Trade The cap-and-trade approach sees the regulatory authority determining a total quantity of pollution that is acceptable (Betsill and Hoffmann, 2011). This is the cap. Industries are able to trade emission allowances based on their needs. However, there is a limited number of these allowances, so trading comes at a cost (Betsill and Hoffmann, 2011). Each regulated industry holds enough allowances to ensure that the cap is not breached whilst also creating demand for the allowances (Stephan and Paterson, 2012). For some businesses, it may be less costly for them to reduce their emissions than to buy allowances, therefore encouraging them to analyse their polluting activities and reduce their environmental impact. Some businesses are able to reduce their emissions to such an extent that they have excess allowances, which can be either banked for future use or sold to businesses that are struggling to reduce emissions. However, due to the scarcity of the allowances and their tradable nat ure, a price is placed on greenhouse gas emissions (Stephan and Paterson, 2012). This price results in an incentive for businesses to develop innovative technology to reduce emissions, with an added incentive to reduce their emissions to such a level that they can avoid buying allowances or can trade allowances they have been given (Betsill and Hoffmann, 2011). With the latter, businesses are able to raise revenue by selling these excess allowances (Piraud, 2012). This reduced environmental cost can then be passed on to their consumers, with cheaper goods and services, therefore giving them an advantage within the consumer market. Problems with Quantity-based and Price-Based Market Policies Evidence suggests that there is a tradeoff between quantity-based (cap-and-trade) and price-based (pollution tax) approaches (CCES, 2012). This tradeoff is either greater environmental certainty or greater compliance cost certainty. By setting an explicit price on each unit of environmental pollution, the regulated businesses have a high degree of price of certainty (Pizer, 2006). However, what is less certain is the amount of environmental pollution reduction that can be achieved, as each business will respond differently to the tax costs. For example, by placing a tax on each litre of fuel, one company may reduce its fuel consumption by 20%, whilst another company may only reduce its consumption by 2%. As such, it is difficult to estimate what price to place on the tax in order to achieve a specific emission reduction goal. Conversely, with quantity-based market approaches, such as the cap-and-trade program, there is more certainty surrounding the environmental outcomes due to the scarcity of pollution allowances that make up the cap (Pizer, 2006). However, with this environmental certainty comes a cost uncertainty for the businesses emitting the pollution, as the cost of this pollution will be determined by the market price for the allowances (Pizer, 2006). Yet some market-based policies can be designed to allow more certainty for both price and quantity. For example, The Centre for Climate and Energy Solutions (2011) included price floors and allowance reserves, which act as prices ceilings, within the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative in California, in order to give more compliance cost certainty. Revenue Uses from Taxes or Allowance Sales Both price-based and quantity-based regulatory approaches have the potential to raise revenue for the government (Nordhaus, 2007). With environmental taxes, potential revenue raised will equate to the total quantity of greenhouse gas emissions released to the environment within a set timescale multiplied by the price of the tax. With cap-and-trade programs, the amount of revenue generated depends on the price allowances make on the open market and the number of allowances that are offered up for sale (Nordhaus, 2007). Regardless of how these revenues are raised, the benefits to society of this revenue stream are clear. Revenue use examples include the reduction of existing distortionary taxes on capital and labour investments in order to reduce the economy wide cost of the program, and the offset of taxes on the labour markets, individuals and businesses, as seen in both Sweden and British Columbia (Aldy et al, 2008). Nevertheless, some experts suggest that this carbon revenue s hould be used for other purposes. These experts argue that there is a need to address the question of equity in addition to economic efficiency (MacKenzie, 2009). This equity would avoid burdening some households and businesses, particularly if they adopted clean energy approaches, technological adaptation, or positioned themselves within the research and development arena. An example of this can be seen within the member states of the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative. In this initiative, 100% of allowances are auctioned and 25% of the revenues generated are targeted towards consumer benefit, energy efficiency programs and renewable energy schemes. In total, over the last 7 years, these allowance auctions have generated more than $2 billion (Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, 2015). Conclusion It can be seen from the above narrative that both price-based and quantity-based market approaches to reducing greenhouse gas emissions can be highly successful and popular methods of achieving environmental targets. Environmental taxes ensure that the cost of environmental pollution is covered by the polluter in a polluter pays approach. Each unit of pollution is given a specific price which the polluter has to pay. These costs incentivise the industry to adopt more environmentally friendly approaches in order to reduce their financial outgoings. Cap-and-trade programs have a given number of allowances distributed between businesses within an industry sector. Companies that can produce their goods in a more environmentally friendly manner, which sees them having an excess of allowance, are able to trade these allowances on the open market to companies who are less able to meet environmental targets. However, due to the costs of these allowances, there is an added incentive for bus inesses to adopt, or develop, new technologies that reduce their environmental impact. However, both approaches have their limitations as it is difficult to quantify the financial costs of pollution in order to set a price on environmental taxes, and there are many uncertainties for the environment and for businesses with the cap-and-trade approach. Nevertheless, despite these uncertainties and challenges associated with price setting, it is considered that the flexibility for businesses and potential improvements for the environment by adopting these approaches over the traditional command and control regulation outweigh any negatives. Whilst it is accepted that market-based approaches will not work for all environmental pollutants, for greenhouse gases, which cause effects on a global scale, the evidence suggests that these approaches will encourage innovation and incentivise businesses to adopt best available technology. References Aldy, J. E., Ley, E., Parry, I. (2008). A Taxà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"Based Approach to Slowing Global Climate Change. National Tax Journal, 493-517. Betsill, M., Hoffmann, M. J. (2011). The contours of cap and trade: the evolution of emissions trading systems for greenhouse gases. Review of Policy Research, 28(1), 83-106. Boisvert, V., MÃÆ' ©ral, P., Froger, G. (2013). Market-based instruments for ecosystem services: institutional innovation or renovation? Society Natural Resources, 26(10), 1122-1136. Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (2011), Climate 101: Cap and Trade. Available online at https://www.c2es.org/publications/climate-change-101/cap-trade accessed 26 September 2015. Centre for Climate and Energy Solutions. (2012). Market mechanisms; understanding the options. Available online at https://www.c2es.org/publications/market-mechanisms-understanding-options accessed 26 September 2015. Chiroleu-Assouline, M., Fodha, M. (2014). From regressive pollution taxes to progressive environmental tax reforms. European Economic Review, 69, 126-142. Frankel, J. A., Rose, A. K. (2005). Is trade good or bad for the environment? Sorting out the causality. Review of Economics and Statistics, 87(1), 85-91. Haselip, J., Hansen, U. E., Puig, D., TrÃÆ' ¦rup, S., Dhar, S. (2015). Governance, enabling frameworks and policies for the transfer and diffusion of low carbon and climate adaptation technologies in developing countries. Climatic Change, 131(3), 363-370. Hepburn, C. (2006). Regulation by prices, quantities, or both: a review of instrument choice. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 22(2), 226-247. Hrabanski, M., Bidaud, C., Le Coq, J. F., MÃÆ' ©ral, P. (2013). Environmental NGOs, policy entrepreneurs of market-based instruments for ecosystem services? A comparison of Costa Rica, Madagascar and France. Forest Policy and Economics, 37, 124-132. Jaffe, A. B., Newell, R. G., Stavins, R. N. (2005). A tale of two market failure s: Technology and environmental policy. Ecological Economics, 54(2), 164-174. Liu, Z., Mao, X., Tu, J., Jaccard, M. (2014). A comparative assessment of economic-incentive and command-and-control instruments for air pollution and CO2 control in Chinas iron and steel sector. Journal of Environmental Management, 144, 135-142. MacKenzie, D. (2009). Making things the same: Gases, emission rights and the politics of carbon markets. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 34(3), 440-455. Meinshausen, M., Smith, S. J., Calvin, K., Daniel, J. S., Kainuma, M. L. T., Lamarque, J. F., Van Vuuren, D. P. P. (2011). The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300. Climatic Change, 109(1-2), 213-241. Metcalf, G. E. (2009). Market-based policy options to control US greenhouse gas emissions. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 33(4), 5-27. Muller, N. Z., Mendelsohn, R., Nordhaus, W. (2011). Environmental accounting for pollution in the United States eco nomy. The American Economic Review, 1649-1675. Nordhaus, W. D. (2007). To tax or not to tax: Alternative approaches to slowing global warming. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 1(1), 26-44. Owen, A. D. (2006). Renewable energy: Externality costs as market barriers. Energy Policy, 34(5), 632-642. Pirard, R. (2012). Market-based instruments for biodiversity and ecosystem services: A lexicon. Environmental Science Policy, 19, 59-68. Pizer, W. A. (2006). 38 Choosing Price or Quantity Controls for Greenhouse Gases. The RFF Reader in Environmental and Resource Policy, 9(1), 225-227. Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) (2015). CO2 Budget Trading Program Auction Results. Available online at https://www.rggi.org/market/co2_auctions/results accessed 26 September 2015. Stephan, B., Paterson, M. (2012). The politics of carbon markets: an introduction. Environmental Politics, 21(4), 545-562. Suter, J., Poe, G., Schulze, W., Segerson, K., Vossler, C. (20 05). Beyond optimal linear tax mechanisms: an experimental examination of damage-based ambient taxes for nonpoint polluters. In Selected Paper prepared for presentation at the American Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting, Providence, Rhode Island, July 24 (Vol. 27). Vossler, C. A., Suter, J. F., Poe, G. L. (2013). Experimental evidence on dynamic pollution tax policies. Journal of Economic Behavior Organization,93, 101-115.

Adidas Future Plan - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 793 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/09/23 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Topics: Adidas Essay Did you like this example? 32 ADIDAS INDIA MARKETING PRIVATE LIMITED Background adidas was founded by Adi Dassler in 1948. It remained a family firm till 1988, when it was transformed into a corporation. The adidas Group is the world’s second-largest sporting goods company and had net sales of US$ 7. 74 billion in 2004. adidas’ product range includes shoes, apparel and accessories for basketball, golf, soccer, fitness and training. The company has over 14,000 employees, 110 subsidiaries and sources from 840 factories across the world. 0 per cent of the company’s suppliers are based in Asia. In 1997, adidas acquired the Salomon group and the name got changed to Adidas-Salomon AG. The name is expected to change to â€Å"Adidas AG† in May 2006 following the acquisition of Reebok. adidas started in India in 1996 as a joint venture with Magnum Trading, with adidas holding 80 per cent stake. Since December 1995 it has been a 100 per cent subsidiary of the parent company. adidas se lls three brands in India – adidas,Taylormade and Maxfli. It sources from 16 factories which employ 3,800 people in India. It retails accessories such as footballs and water bottles in addition to footwear and apparel. adidas has a 25-30 per cent share of the premium footwear market in the country. The market is estimated to be growing at 15-20 per cent annually. The six metros account for nearly 40 per cent of adidas’ sales, but the smaller towns are also playing an important role and showing very healthy growth. Entered India as part of global strategy adidas decided to enter India as part of the company’s global strategy – to take direct control of the markets in Asia. The domestic demand was not high when the company started India operations. In the first 9 years, India was the smallest sub-division in Asia, in terms of revenue. The company believed that India had the potential to become a huge market considering India’s large young popul ation and the changing demographics. Currently out of the 13 subsidiaries in Asia, India is ranked number 7 and the management believes it has the potential to climb up to number 3. The merger with Reebok will strengthen adidas in India. In most countries, adidas is significantly bigger than Reebok. However in India, Reebok has a larger share of the market. 33 Keys to success adidas’ success factors include strength in supply chain management, cutting edge technology, a strong retail network and effective advertising. India provides advantages in terms of lower labour costs and a highly-skilled work force. However, attracting and retaining the right people is a challenge in a highly competitive job market. Retailers are willing to invest money in setting up showrooms but generally their understanding of retailing is poor. Focused approach to the market and support from parent company adidas entered India with aggressive marketing campaigns. It brought in Indian sports i cons Sachin Tendulkar and Leander Paes to endorse the brand. The parent company has been very supportive. The top management had the belief and commitment that it would weather the initial loss-making years, before India could gain critical mass and become a profitable operation. Association with sports events helped in building awareness adidas has been promoting sports such as tennis and cricket at various levels. The company aggressively promotes tennis in India as a part of the firm’s strategy to drive growth by identifying and developing key performance sports in India. It promotes tennis at three levels the recognition of young talent through scholarships, sponsorship and association with key tennis events in the country and the launch of high performance tennis sportswear. demand reaches a threshold. adidas’ strategy has been just the reverse. Now after establishing itself in India as a sales and marketing organisation, it is planning to set up a global proc urement base for international markets. The company is targeting four-fold sales growth from Indian operations within the next three years (2006-09). The targeted revenues from Asia are to exceed US$ 2. 38 billion by 2008, doubling the 2004 sales figure. After China, which is the current growth driver in Asia, adidas expects India to be the next powerhouse, which will drive regional growth over the next 3 to 8 years. India is a significant market for adidas and it plans to have 200 to 300 more franchisee showrooms by 2006. It is also exploring the option of transferring technology and know-how to manufacture high-end footwear in India. didas India: At a glance †¢ For adidas, India is: a strategically important growth market †¢ Factors for success: Supply Chain Management, Cutting edge technology, Aggressive approach to market, Association with sports events and personalities †¢ Future plans: Four-fold sales growth in next three years, Add more showrooms, Launch new products Future plans adidas has plans to make India the hub for its South Asian operations. Most companies which start operations in a new country, initially set up their sourcing office and start selling when the local Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Adidas Future Plan" essay for you Create order